中国与全球资本主义(中国国家性质）

China & global capitalism
中国与全球资本主义
VINCENT KOLO ARGUES that China’s links with the global capitalist economy confirm that China is now a fully capitalist country. However, involvement in the world capitalist market, through trade and investment with other capitalist economies, does not in itself determine the class character of a state. In the case of the newborn Soviet state, Lenin and Trotsky advocated exploiting rivalry between the capitalist powers to develop trade links necessary for the growth of the Soviet economy. Their proviso was that there must be a state monopoly of foreign trade to ensure trade served the needs of the Soviet planned economy. Clearly, there is no longer a monopoly of foreign trade in China. But neither is there a completely ‘open door’, despite some of the Chinese leaders’ claims. Just as there is a ‘hybrid’ domestic economy, China’s relations with global capitalism have a mixed character.

文森特说，中国与全球资本主义经济的联系确证了中国现在是一个完全的资本主义国家。然而，通过与其他资本主义经济体的贸易和投资参与世界资本主义市场本身并不能确定一个国家的阶级性质。在新生苏维埃的情况下，列宁和托洛茨基主张利用资本主义的势力之间的对抗以发展必要的贸易联系来发展苏维埃经济。其限制条件是必须有一个国家垄断的外贸以确保贸易苏维埃的计划经济的需要服务。显然，在中国已不再有外贸的垄断。但是，也没有完全'打开大门' ，尽管一些中国领导人的要求打开。正如中国有一个“混合的”国内经济，中国与全球资本主义的关系也有一个混合的性质。
“The top echelons of the Chinese state, including the central government in Beijing”, writes Vincent, “are now fully integrated in the global capitalist system – through the open door policy that Hu Jintao describes as the ‘cornerstone’ of China’s economic development”. This, in our view, is an exaggeration. China has encouraged massive investment by foreign trans-national corporations, but largely controls the terms on which they operate. The regime, moreover, still tightly regulates relations between the Chinese economy and the global economy.
文森特写道，“中国国家的高层，包括在北京的中央政府，现在已经充分融入全球的资本主义制度-通过胡锦涛形容之为中国经济发展的'基石'的开放政策 “ 。在我们看来，这是夸大其词。中国鼓励外国跨国公司的大量投资，但基本上控制了它们经营的条件。此外，该政权还严格规范中国经济和全球经济之间的关系。
Recently, in response to the global financial crisis, the regime has again signalled to the US and the EU that it is in no hurry to relax government controls on capital flows in and out of China. It continues to maintain the low exchange rate of the renminbi (which gives China’s exports a strong competitive advantage) and defends its current rate through massive interventions in currency markets – in defiance of IMF rules and contrary to promises to the US to allow a substantial appreciation of the renminbi. At an earlier stage, the Chinese leaders used the issue of WTO compliance to help push through marketisation at home but, more recently, they have turned increasingly to bilateral trade deals. The Chinese government shed no tears at the recent breakdown of the Doha round of WTO negotiations, in which (together with India and Brazil) it refused to accept the packages proposed by either the US or the EU.
最近，在应对全球金融危机上，该政权已再次向美国和欧盟表明它不急于放松政府控制资本在中国进出。它继续保持人民币的低汇率（其加强了中国出口的竞争优势）和通过大规模干预外汇市场来捍卫其目前的汇率-不顾国际货币基金组织的规则和违背对美国承诺的允许人民币大幅度升值。在较早的阶段，中国领导人利用世贸组织的问题来帮助推动国内的市场化，最近，他们越来越多地转向双边的贸易协议。中国政府最近多哈回合的世贸组织谈判的破裂没有流出眼泪， 印度和巴西在该谈判中拒绝接受美国或欧盟的一揽子提议。
In the event of a prolonged crisis in the world economy, it cannot be ruled out, in our view, that China will resort to much stronger protectionist measures, both in relation to trade and investment, in an attempt to cushion the impact on the Chinese economy.
我们认为，在世界经济中发生旷日持久的危机的情况下，不能排除中国将采取更加强大的保护主义措施，一方面涉及到贸易和投资，试图缓和经济危机对中国经济的影响。
Role of the state